As no OS is installed yet, the guest will boot into the EFI shell.Guest installation———— Introduction ————

This guide describes how to set up a Ubuntu guest in the acontis Hypervisor. It is assumed, the steps listed in the Hypervisor Quick Start Guide have been successfully executed.

The last chapter describes how to set up an additional Ubuntu guest, if 2 (or more) Ubuntu guests are desired.

Hint

This guide uses ubuntu-22.04-desktop-amd64.iso as Ubuntu guest. The same should be achieved with a newer or older version of Ubuntu.

1. Create folder for running the VM

In the first step, you have to create a folder where the VM shall be stored. The template folder has to be copied into a new VM specific folder, we will use the folder name vm1 in this example.

cd /hv/VMs
cp -R vm_template vm1

2. Copy Ubuntu ISO installation media to Linux

In a first step, we need to copy the Ubuntu installation media (ISO file) from a Windows (or Linux) host system into the Hypervisor filesystem.

2.1. Using Filezilla (recommended)

• Open a shell (right click on desktop and select ‘Open Terminal here’ or press CRTL + ALT + T) on the Hypervisor Host.

• Detect IP address (with ifconfig command and through inet entry):

  rte@RTV-TP104:~$ ifconfig
  enp2s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
      inet 172.17.10.5  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
      inet6 fe80::ccbb:85f1:38d3:fa2a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
      ether 90:1b:0e:18:c9:83  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
      RX packets 4618420  bytes 4033770375 (4.0 GB)
      RX errors 0  dropped 8865  overruns 0  frame 0
      TX packets 1460482  bytes 96608727 (96.6 MB)
      TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  
  lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
      inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
      inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
      loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
      RX packets 6864  bytes 427092 (427.0 KB)
      RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
      TX packets 6864  bytes 427092 (427.0 KB)
      TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  
  vnet0: flags=99<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING>  mtu 1500
      inet 192.168.157.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.157.255
      ether 00:60:c8:00:00:00  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
      RX packets 765775  bytes 74216258 (74.2 MB)
      RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
      TX packets 767935  bytes 74780268 (74.7 MB)
      TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  

  In this example the ‘detected’ IP address is 172.17.10.5.

  Hint

  The device name enp2s0 differs on different PC/IPC’s!

---

• Open Filezilla (get current version from https://filezilla-project.org/) and create new connection entry:

  

  Fig. 2.1 Create new entry through site manager.

  1. Push New site button

  2. Give a qualified name

  3. Select SFTP - SSH File Transfer Protocol

  4. Give host IP/name. In screenshot above the last byte is X-ed out. Replace it with the ‘detected’ IP address.

  5. Enter User name (same as at Hypervisor install)

  6. Enter password (same as at Hypervisor install)

  7. Push Connect button

  

  Fig. 2.2 Site manager dialog.

  Select location of downloaded Ubuntu .iso image from local side and drag’n’drop it to /hv/VMs/vm1 on remote side.

  

  Fig. 2.3 Ubuntu location.

2.2. Using a Windows Share

Here we will show how this can be accomplished using a network share (//NameOrIpAddressOfPcWithShare/NameOfShare) in the Windows host system. We assume the network share has a directory /hv containing the file ubuntu-22.04-desktop-amd64.iso. We need to install the network client software (cifs) in the hypervisor and then mount the Windows network share.

sudo apt-get install cifs-utils

sudo mount -t cifs //NameOrIpAddressOfPcWithShare/NameOfShare /mnt -o user=NameOfUserWithAccessToShare

Copy the Ubuntu ISO image to /hv/VMs/vm1.

cp /mnt/hv/ubuntu-22.04-desktop-amd64.iso /hv/VMs/vm1/ubuntu-22.04-desktop-amd64.iso

The mount point /mnt isn´t needed anymore and thus will be unmounted.

sudo umount /mnt

3. Guest Configuration

Prior to installing the guest, we need to configure the respective virtual machine (e.g. number of CPU cores, network settings etc.). The configuration file vmconfig.sh is located in the VM directory. The meaning of each configuration setting is explained in detail in this file. You need to edit this file and adjust according to your needs and environment.

The number of CPU cores must not exceed the number of physical cores available in the system and not assigned to Real-time guests. For example, if on a quad core CPU, you need 2 cores for Real-time guests, the number of cores for the Ubuntu guest must not exceed 2.

gedit /hv/VMs/vm1/vmconfig.sh

• Change windows_guest=

  # unique identifier settings for this VM
  export windows_guest=1  # set to 1 if the VM is a Windows guest
  

  — to —

  # unique identifier settings for this VM
  export windows_guest=0  # set to 1 if the VM is a Windows guest
  

• Change cdrom_iso=

  # If an ISO file shall be used instead of a physical CDROM, uncomment below
  # command and replace the ISO name with the appropriate file name.
  export cdrom_iso=/hv/VMs/vm1/Windows10.iso
  

  — to —

  # If an ISO file shall be used instead of a physical CDROM, uncomment below
  # command and replace the ISO name with the appropriate file name.
  export cdrom_iso=/hv/VMs/vm1/ubuntu-22.04-desktop-amd64.iso
  

• Change ramsize= and hdsize=

  # Major VM settings
  export ramsize=4096     # RAM size of the physical machine.
  export hdsize=50G       # Hard disk size.
                          # This value is only when creating a new hard disk image.
                          # After creating the disk image, this value is ignored.
  

  — to —

  # Major VM settings
  export ramsize=2048     # RAM size of the physical machine.
  export hdsize=25G       # Hard disk size.
                          # This value is only when creating a new hard disk image.
                          # After creating the disk image, this value is ignored.
  

• Adapt following line to your system and needs:

num_cpus=...

• By default, the network connection is set up automatically (using DHCP). Please check the hypervisor manual for other settings.

Caution

Automatic network setting will only work, if the Ethernet cable is connected!

4. Guest installation

After VM configuration you need to start the script vmrun.sh for the first time. The remote viewer will start and boot the guest.

cd /hv/VMs/vm1
sudo ./vmrun.sh

5. Ubuntu Installation

Follow the steps as usual for Ubuntu. In this guide the default cases are used where applicable.

• GRUB selection menu

  

  Fig. 5.1 Select Try or Install Ubuntu at GRUB selection menu.

• Select Install Ubuntu

  

  Fig. 5.2 Install Ubuntu select.

• Select your Keyboard layout –> Continue

  

  Fig. 5.3 Select keyboard layout.

• Updates and other software (default state) –> Continue

  

  Fig. 5.4 Leave Updates and other software as default.

• Installation type –> Erase disk and install Ubuntu –> InstallNow

  

  Fig. 5.5 Select Erase disk and install Ubuntu at installation type page.

• Confirm Write the changes to disks? dialog –> Continue

  

  Fig. 5.6 Confirm Write the changes to disks? dialog.

• Where are you –> Continue

  

  Fig. 5.7 Select where you are.

• Create credentials –> Continue

  

  Fig. 5.8 Fill in the credentials.

  Hint

  In this guide the default user used is rte. It’s recommended to supply a password.

• Restart –> RestartNow

  

  Fig. 5.9 Restart guest.

• Press enter –> ENTER

  

  Fig. 5.10 Press ENTER.

• Login (in this example with user rte and the supplied password)

  

  Fig. 5.11 Login into guest.

• OPTIONAL Update guest –> InstallNow

  

  Fig. 5.12 Update guest.

• Installation finished!

6. Running Ubuntu guest

After successfully installing Ubuntu, you need to shutdown Ubuntu.

• Shutdown Ubuntu

Important

You need to shutdown the guest (do NOT reboot Ubuntu!). If this is not possible inside the guest, please use the ./vmshtdn.sh script! If shutdown is blocked, you need to close the setup windows before (e.g. using tab keys to select the finish button).

• Adjust the file vmconfig.sh (to avoid booting the installation media again)

  gedit /hv/VMs/vm1/vmconfig.sh
  

  comment "cdrom_iso" with #
  

• Start the Ubuntu guest

  ./vmrun.sh
  

Hint

Due to hardware changes, Ubuntu may automatically reboot once. Mouse and desktop may still not work properly. In this case, please install all of the latest Ubuntu updates.

7. Ubuntu and Real-time guest in parallel

In the final step, we will run Ubuntu and Real-Time Linux in parallel.

• Shutdown Ubuntu, do NOT reboot!

• Run the Real-Time Linux guest

  cd /hv/lx
  sudo ./lx.sh
  ./dbgcon.sh
  

• Open a second shell (right click on desktop and select ‘Open Terminal here’ or press CRTL + ALT + T)

• Start the Ubuntu guest

  cd /hv/VMs/vm1
  ./vmrun.sh
  

• Log into Real-Time Linux and run the Real-time demo:

  vmf64 login: root
  password:  root
  RealtimeDemo